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[Click on any entry
to go there.]
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| Overview |
| Factors Affecting Renewable
Energy in 1996 |
| Report Organization
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Section I. Renewable Energy Data
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| Energy Consumption |
| Solar and Photovoltaic
Module Shipments |
| Data Characteristics
and Caveats |
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Section II. Current Status and Industry Profiles
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| 1996 Updates |
| Paper and Forest Product
Industry Profiles |
| Energy Profiles of
Primary Forest Product Processes |
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| Introduction |
| Trends in Municipal
Solid Waste Generation |
| Waste-to-Energy Facilities |
| The Landfill Gas Industry |
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| Activities in 1996 |
| Corporate Changes |
| Hot Dry Rock and Magma
Resources |
| Direct Geothermal Energy |
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| Overview |
| The Role of Government |
| The Commercial Industry |
| Conclusion |
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| Introduction |
| Solar Energy Data |
| Federal and State Incentives |
| Technology Characterization |
| Industry Activity in
1995 |
| Activities in 1996 |
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Section III. Topical Issues
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| Introduction |
| Utility Programs |
| Utility-Scale PV Investment
Under Industry Restructuring |
| Niche Markets |
| Conclusion |
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| Introduction |
| Economic Status |
| Siting Problems |
| Legal Issues (Flow
Control) |
| Environmental Regulations |
| Utility and Energy
Regulations |
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| Background |
| Path Around the Carbone
Decision |
| Financial Impacts of
Recent Judicial Decisions |
| Interstate Movement
of Waste |
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| Municipal Solid Waste
Landfills, Landfill Gas, and Control Systems |
| Development of the
Landfill Gas Industry |
| LFG Utilization Applications |
| Recent Regulatory History |
| The Economics of LFG
Control and Utilization |
| Nonregulatory Government
Promotion of LFG Use |
| Economic Impacts of
Regulations, Programs, and Incentives |
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| Coso Hot Springs |
| The Geysers |
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Section IV. International Renewable Energy: Current
Status and Prospects
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| Overview |
| Overviews of Renewable
Energy Status by Region |
| International Efforts
in Support of Renewable Energy |
| U.S. Government Efforts
in Support of Renewable Energy |
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Appendices
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| A. EIA Renewable Energy Data
Sources |
| B. Renewable Data Limitations |
| C. Geothermal Energy and
Geysers |
| D. Environmental Impacts
of Geothermal Energy |
| E. Examples of Contract Arrangements
at The Geysers |
| F. Additional Solar and Photovoltaic
Tables |
| G. Moody’s Bond Ratings |
| H. LFG: Commercial Energy
Recovery Case Studies |
| I. List of Internet Addresses:
Renewable Energy Information by Resource |
| J. State Agencies That Provide
Energy Information |
| Glossary |
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Tables
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| H1. U.S. Renewable
Energy Consumption by Source, 1991-1995 |
| 1. U.S. Energy Consumption
by Energy Source, 1991-1995 |
| 2. Renewable Energy
Consumption by Sector and Energy Source, 1991-1995 |
| 3. Renewable Energy
Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source, 1991-1995 |
| 4. Electricity Generation
From Renewable Energy by Energy Source, 1991-1995 |
| 5. U.S. Electric
Generating Capacity, 1991-1995 |
| 6. Regional Distribution
of Pellet Fuel Shipments, 1992-1996 |
| 7. Energy and Raw
Materials Inputs and Outputs of a Modern Sawmill |
| 8. Historical and
Projected U.S. Production of Municipal Solid Waste, Selected Years, 1960-2000 |
| 9. Waste-to-Energy
Facilities by Type of Process and Region, 1996 |
| 10. Design Capacities
of Waste-to-Energy Facilities by Process Type, 1996 |
| 11. Design Capacities
of Waste-to-Energy Facilities by Region, 1996 |
| 12. Average Design
Capacities of Waste-to-Energy Facilities by Type of Process and Region,
1996 |
| 13. Air Pollution
Control Equipment at Waste-to-Energy Facilities by Type of Process, 1996 |
| 14. Temperatures
of Geothermal Fluids Required for Various Uses |
| 15. U.S. Wind Electricity
Generation Nameplate Capacity by State as of September 1996 |
| 16. Annual Shipments
of Solar Thermal Collectors, 1986-1995 |
| 17. Annual Shipments
of Photovoltaic Cells and Modules, 1985-1995 |
| 18. Annual Photovoltaic
and Solar Thermal Shipments, 1974-1995 |
| 19. U.S. Utility
Net Electric Generation from Solar Energy, 1995 |
| 20. Estimated U.S.
Solar and Total Energy Production, 1995 |
| 21. PVUSA Emerging
Module Technology Systems at Davis, California |
| 22. PVUSA Utility
Systems at Davis and Kerman, California |
| 23. PVUSA Host Utility
Systems |
| 24. Utility Photovoltaic
Group (UPVG) TEAM-UP Ventures, 1995 |
| 25. Sacramento Municipal
Utility District (SMUD) Photovoltaic System Cost Improvement, 1993-1995 |
| 26. Kerman Photovoltaic
Plant Nontraditional Benefits |
| 27. Waste Generated,
Exported, and Imported by Trading Partners, 1993 |
| 28. Landfill Gas
(LFG) Constituent Gases |
| 29. Regulatory Milestones
Affecting the Landfill Gas Industry, 1976-1996 |
| 30. Comparison of
Costs for Typical LFG Energy Recovery Technologies |
| 31. Conditions Necessary
for Cost-Competitiveness in LFG Utilization Projects |
| 32. Critical Barriers
Identified by the Landfill Methane Outreach Program and Their Solutions |
| 33. Comparison of
MSW Landfill Costs Before and After the 1991 RCRA Regulations |
| 34. Coso Geothermal
Power Plant Statistics |
| 35. Annual Net Electricity
Generation at The Geysers |
| 36. Installed Wind
Capacity and Projected Capacity Additions for Selected Countries |
| 37. Continental Shares
of World Wind Power Generation, 1995 |
| 38. Destination of
U.S. Photovoltaic Cell and Module Export Shipments by Country, 1995 |
| 39. Installed Geothermal
Electricity Generation Capacity by Country, 1990, 1995, and 2000 |
| 40. Biomass Fuel
Consumption and Production, 1985-1990 |
| 41. Advantages and
Disadvantages of Charcoal as a Source of Energy |
| 42. Renewable Energy
Resources and Market Potential in Asia and the Pacific and Africa |
| 43. Renewable Energy
Resources and Market Potential in the Americas |
| 44. Geothermal Energy
Capacity in Indonesia |
| 45. World Bank Renewable
Energy Projects, Approved and in the Pipeline, 1996 |
| 46. USAID Renewable
Energy Host Country Projects Under BEST and REAT as of December 31, 1995 |
| B1. Evaluation of EIA’s
Undercoverage of Nonutility Electricity Data |
| B2. Geothermal Energy
Supplied for Major Direct Use Applications, 1993 |
| F1. Number of Companies
Expecting To Introduce New Solar Thermal Collector Products, 1996 |
| F2. Percent of Solar Collector
Shipments by the 10 Largest Companies, 1986-1995 |
| F3. Companies Involved
in Solar Thermal Activities by Type, 1994 and 1995 |
| F4. Solar-Related Sales
as a Percentage of Total Sales, 1994 and 1995 |
| F5. Annual Shipments of
Solar Thermal Collectors by Type, 1986-1995 |
| F6. Shipments of Solar
Collectors Ranked by Top Five Origins and Destinations, 1994 and 1995 |
| F7. Distribution of Solar
Thermal Collector Shipments, 1994 and 1995 |
| F8. Solar Thermal Collector
Shipments by Type, Quantity, Value, and Average Price, 1994 and 1995 |
| F9. Shipments of Solar
Collectors by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 1994 and 1995 |
| F10. Shipments of Solar
Thermal Collectors by Destination, 1995 |
| F11. Distribution of
U.S. Solar Thermal Collector Exports by Country, 1995 |
| F12. Shipments of Complete
Solar Thermal Collector Systems, 1994 and 1995 |
| F13. Companies Expecting
To Introduce New Photovoltaic Products in 1996 |
| F14. Employment in the
Photovoltaic Manufacturing Industry, 1990-1995 |
| F15. Number of Companies
Involved in Photovoltaic-Related Activities, 1994 and 1995 |
| F16. Photovoltaic Cell
and Module Shipments by Type, 1993-1995 |
| F17. Distribution of
Photovoltaic Cells and Modules, 1993-1995 |
| F18. Photovoltaic Cell
and Module Shipments by Type, 1994 and 1995 |
| F19. Shipments of Photovoltaic
Cells and Modules by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 1994 and 1995 |
| F20. Export Shipments
of Photovoltaic Modules and Cells by Type, 1995 |
| F21. Destination of Photovoltaic
Cell and Module Exports by Continent, 1995 |
| F22. Shipments of Complete
Photovoltaic Module Systems, 1993-1995 |
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Figures
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| 1. Nonhydroelectric
Renewable Energy Consumption Shares by Energy Source, 1991-1995 |
| 2. U.S. Average Corn
Prices Received by Farmers, 1993-1996 |
| 3. U.S. Ethanol Production,
1995 and 1996 |
| 4. Net Sales of the
Paper and Forest Products Industry, 1981-1995 |
| 5. Industrial Production
Index of the Paper and Forest Products Industry, 1947-1995 |
| 6. Timber to Finished
Product |
| 7. Chief Components
of Municipal Solid Waste Management |
| 8. Total U.S. Waste
Generation Before Recycling, 1994 |
| 9. U.S. Waste Generation,
1960-2000 |
| 10. Number of Facilities
Performing Waste-to-Energy Operations by Process Type, 1996 |
| 11. Energy Production
from Waste-to-Energy Facilities by Type of Energy, 1996 |
| 12. Waste-to-Energy
Facilities by Type of Ownership, 1996 |
| 13. Waste-to-Energy
Facilities by Relationship of Owner to Operator, 1996 |
| 14. Waste-to-Energy
Facilities by Type of Operator, 1996 |
| 15. Location of Existing
Landfill Facilities by Region, 1994 |
| 16. Number of Landfill
Gas Processing Facilities Entering Service by Year, 1979-1994 |
| 17. Landfill Gas
Utilization by Existing Facilities, 1994 |
| 18. Solar Thermal
Collector Shipments by Collector Type, 1983-1995 |
| 19. Import and Export
Shipments of Photovoltaic Cells and Modules, 1987-1995 |
| 20. Import and Export
Shipments of Solar Thermal Collectors, 1983-1995 |
| 21. Average Price
of Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Collector Type, 1994 and 1995 |
| 22. Domestic and
Export Shipments of Photovoltaic Cells and Modules, 1987-1995 |
| 23. Photovoltaic
Cell and Module Shipments by Type, 1993-1995 |
| 24. Average Price
of Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, 1993-1995 |
| 25. Annual Net Generation
from The Geysers, 1983-1995 |
| 26. Annual Steam
Production and Injection at The Geysers, 1987-1994 |
| D1. Carbon Emissions
from Energy Production by Fuel |