Table of Contents

Pretreatment and Hydrolysis of Biomass

• Design and Installation of Engineering Scale Countercurrent Pretreatment Reactor System
• Identification and Evaluation of Cost Reduction Opportunities for Countercurrent Pretreatment Process
• Pretreatment and Chemical Hydrolysis Reaction Kinetics Verification
• Preparation and Characterization of Novel Titania Designed for Efficient Biomass Fractionation and Upgrading
• Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment of Yellow Poplar Sawdust
• Bench Scale Development of Countercurrent Pretreatment Process
• Acid Recovery and Recycle by Solvent Extraction
• FTIR Rapid Analysis Methods for Pretreatment Slurries
• Dilute Acid Cellulose Hydrolysis Process Development and Conversion of Softwoods to Ethanol
• Softwood Extractives Characterization

Cellulase Enzyme Technology

• Production of Cellulases in Tobacco and Potato Plant Bioreactors
• Improved Cellulase Enzymes at NREL
• Develop and Test Improved Thermomonospora Fusca Cellulase Systems
• Improve Thermomonospora Fusca Cellulase Enzymes by Protein Engineering
• Provide High Resolution X-Ray Structures of Selected Cellulases
• Perform Computer Modeling of Selected Cellulases and CBS’s

Fermentation Organism Development

• Investigate Pentose Sugar Transport in Zymomonas
• Pathway Engineering to Improve Ethanol Production by Thermophilic Bacteria
• Enhancement of Acid Tolerance in Zymomonas mobilis
• Genomics in Zymomonas mobilis
• Improve Zymomonas for Xylose and Arabinose Fermentation
• Develop Advanced Lactobacillus Biocatalyst
• Develop Lactobacillus for Ethanol Production
• Development of Arabinose-Fermenting Saccharomyces
• Biocatalyst Development - Improved Zymomonas
• Metabolic Engeering of Yeasts for Commercial Ethanol Production
• Development and Commercialization of New Ethanol Producing Strains
• Development of More Robust Zymomonas mobilis Strains for Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates
• Development of Portable Ethanol-Production Operons That Can Be Expressed in Gram-Positive Bacteria
• Development of Stable Xylose-Fermenting Saccharomyces Yeasts for Conversion of Sugars from Softwood Hydrolysates to Ethanol
• Develop Efficient Gene Expression Systems in Lactobacillus
• Development of Second Generation Ethanologenic Yeast
• Second Generation Ethanologen Development - University of New South Wales
• Second Generation Ethanologen Development - University of Florida
• Improved Recombinant Zymomonas mobilis for Efficient and Rapid Fermentation of Hexose and Pentose Sugars

Lignin Derived Coproducts

• Coproducts Development From Soluble Lignin Recovery
• Upgrading Non-Fermentable Compounds Solubilized During Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosics to High Octane Fuel Additives
• Lignin Conversion to Reformulated Fuels and Fuel Additives

Process Development and Integration

• Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis Process Development
• Develop Continuous Cofermentation Process
• Identification of Overliming Mechanism
• Process Development Unit Operations and Improvements
• Process Development Unit Solids-Liquid Separations

Process Engineering and Analysis

• Process Engineering and Analysis Work Package (2) 1998, 1999
• Cellulase Reactor Designs
• Alternative Fuels Industry Meeting Participation, Facilitation, Project Reviews, Reviews of Solicitation Responses
• Steam and Electricity Generation Options for the Biomass to Ethanol Process
• Wastewater Treatment Options for the Biomass to Ethanol Process
• Process Engineering Support - Review Current Process Designs & Costs, Supply Hard to Get Vendor Equipment Estimates
• Process Design & Cost Estimation of Critical Equipment in the Biomass to Ethanol Process
• Compositional Anaysis of Biomass Samples
• Technical and Analytical Assistance for the Biofuels Program
• Combustion Properties of Lignin Residue
• Develop Cost Estimates for a Corn-to-Ethanol Plant
• Regional Biomass Energy Program

Industrial Partnerships

• Zero Population Feeders and Biofuels Project
• Commercial Potential for Ethanol Production From Wood Residue in Montana and Idaho
• Completion of Ethanol Plant Engineering Activities
• BCI/NREL Cooperative Research and Development
• Biomass Conversion R&D Project
• Development and Communication of Corn Stover Collection and Conversion Processes
• Building a Bridge to the Corn Ethanol Industry – Vogelbusch, Chief Ethanol Fuels
• Building a Bridge to the Corn Ethanol Industry – Purdue University
• Front Range Forest Health Partnership
• Building A Bridge to the Corn Ethanol Industry – NYSTEC

Biodiesel Project

• Measurement of Biodiesel Speed of Sound and Its Impact on Ignition Timing
• Tier II Health Effects Testing
• Biodiesel Process Engineering and Economics
• Biodiesel Emissions From Locomotive Engines

Woody Crops Research

• Clonal Development for Willow Biomass - Biofuels Production
• Development of Pest-Resistant Cottonwood Clones for Biomass Energy Production in the North Central Region
• Limitations on Short Rotation Woody Crop Growth in the Southeast United States
• Physiology of Poplar Disease Resistance
• Poplar Molecular Genetics Cooperative
• Populus Crop Development in the Southeast United States
• Regional Testing of Populus Clones
• Septoria Pathosystem Studies for Populus
• Short Rotation Woody Crops Cooperative Research Program
• Testing of Willow Clones for Biomass Production in Wisconsin
• Tree Genetic Engineering Research Cooperative
• Plant Modification for Fuel Feedstock Enhancement

Herbaceous Energy Crops Research

• Bioenergy Crop Breeding and Production Research in the Southeast
• Development of In Vitro Culture Systems for Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)
• Development of Optimal Establishment and Cultural Practices for Switchgrass and Other Energy Crops
• Evaluation of Switchgrass Cultivars and Cultural Methods for Biomass Production in the South Central U.S.
• Genetic Variation Among Switchgrasses in Agronomic Traits, Forage Quality, and Biomass Fuel Production
• Genetic Variation Among Switchgrasses in Agronomic Traits, Forage Quality, and Biomass Fuel Production - Northern Plains USA
• Performance Trials for Evaluating Switchgrass
• Selection and Breeding of New Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Varieties for Increased Biomass Production
• Switchgrass as a Biofuels Crop for the Upper Southeast: Variety Trials and Cultural Improvements
• Switchgrass Production in Iowa: Economic Analysis, Soil Suitability, and Varietal Performance

Feedstock Environmental Research

• Carbon Sequestration With Short-Rotation Hybrid Poplar Production Compared With Agricultural Crops and Farm Woodlands
• Development of Optimal Establishment and Cultural Practices for Switchgrass and Other Energy Crops: Environmental Studies
• Effects of Herbaceous and Woody Crops in Uptake, Release and Offsite Movement of Nutrients and Pesticides
• Environmental Impacts of Conversion of Cropland to Short-Rotation Biomass
• Implications of Using Corn Stalks as Bioenergy Feedstocks
• Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration In Reclaimed Minelands in Ohio
• Southeastern Sustainability Research: Subsurface Nutrient Movement From Intensively Managed Tree Crops
• Soil Quality Changes with Production of Intensively Managed Tree Crop
• Sustainability of High Intensity Forest Management with respect to Water Quality and Site Nutrient Reserves
• Use of Woody Biomass Crops Compared with Natural Forests by Breeding Birds in the Southeastern U.S.

Feedstock Assessments and Analyses

• Western Forests and Bioenergy
• Minnesota Wood Energy Scale-up Project
• Biomass Resource Assessment--Technical Assistance and Computer Support
• Economic Analysis and Synthesis
• Geographic Information System to Analyze Cost and Supply of Biomass Feedstocks at a State Level (ORIBAS Model)
• Macroeconomic Impacts of Using Corn Stover to Produce Ethanol
• National Agricultural Sector Equilibrium Model (POLYSYS)
• Stakeholder Interfaces