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New Source Performance Standards (for new facilities)
and Emission Guidelines (for existing facilities) for
Municipal Waste Combustors.

Revisions to the 2/11/91 NSPS & EG for units larger than 250 TPD, and new regulations for units 250 TPD and smaller were promolgated on Dec. 19, 1995. However, a March 25,1997 Judicial decision remanded the requirements for units 250 TPD and smaller.

These revisions set numerical emission limits for lead, mercury, and cadmium, and extend NOx limits to existing facilities. They also extend the regulations downward to include all facilities larger than 35 Mg/day (39 tpd). They also require notification of design capacity and start-up date for new and existing facilities between 25 and 35 Mg/day (28-39 tpd).

REQUIREMENTS OF THE NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS AND EMISSIONS GUIDELINES AS AMENDED ARE:

(All emission levels are at 7% oxygen, dry basis)

1. GOOD COMBUSTION PRACTICES - NEW & EXISTING FACILITIES:

  • Must not exceed 110% of the maximum load level demonstrated during dioxin/furan performance tests.
  • Temperature at inlet to PM control device cannot exceed by more than 17 deg. C. the demonstrated temperature during dioxin/furan performance tests.
  • CO must not exceed 50 to 150 ppmv depending on type of unit for new units, and 50 to 250 ppmv for existing units.
  • Certification of chief facility operators and shift supervisors, and training for plant operators.
  • Continuous emissions monitoring of Sulfur Dioxide, NOx, Opacity, CO, Load, and Temperature.
  • Annual stack testing for Particulates, Lead, Cadmium, Dioxins/Furans, and HCL.
  • Opacity must be less than 10% (6-minute average)

2. PARTICULATE EMISSION LIMITS

New Facilities 24 mg/dscm (0.010 gr/dscf)
Existing Facilities >250 TPD 27 mg/dscm (0.012 gr/dscf)
Existing Facilities <250 TPD 70 mg/dscm (0.03 gr/dscf)*

3. CADMIUM EMISSION LIMITS

New Facilities .02 mg/dscm (8.7 gr/mil dscf)
Existing Facilities >250 TPD .04 mg/dscm (18gr/mil dscf)
Existing Facilities <250 TPD .10 mg/dscm (44gr/mil dscf)*

4. LEAD EMISSION LIMITS

New Facilities .20 mg/dscm (87 gr/mil dscf)
Existing Facilities >250 TPD .49 mg/dscm (200 gr/mil dscf)
Existing Facilities <250 TPD 1.6 mg/dscm (700 gr/mil dscf)*

5. MERCURY EMISSION LIMITS

New & Existing Facilities .08 mg/dscm (35 gr/mil dscf)
OR an 85% reduction

6. ORGANIC EMISSION LIMITS

Dioxins and Furans are measured as total tetra-through-octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Operators seeking less frequent testing may elect to meet lower limits. The limits are:

New Facilites 13 ng/dscm (or 7 ng with less freq. testing)
Existing Facilities >250 TPD 60 ng/dscm with ESP/ 30 ng with FF*
Existing Facilities <250 TPD 125 ng/dscm*

7. ACID GAS CONTROLS

Sulfur Dioxide: The higher of:
New Facilities 80% reduction or 30 ppmv
Existing Facilities >250 TPD 75% reduction or 31 ppmv
Existing Facilities <250 TPD 50% reduction or 80 ppmv*
   
Hydrochloric Acid: The higher of:
New Facilities 95% reduction or 25 ppmv
Existing Facilities >250 TPD 95% reduction or 31 ppmv
Existing Facilities <250 TPD 50% reduction or 250 ppmv*

8. NITROUS OXIDE (NOx) EMISSION LIMITS:

New Facilities > 250 TPD: 150 ppmv
Existing Facilities > 250 TPD 200- 250 ppmv
(does not apply to existing mass burn/refractory MWC's)

9. FLY ASH/BOTTOM ASH FUGITIVE DUST EMISSIONS:

New & Existing Facilities Visible emissions less than 5% of time

10. SITING REQUIREMENTS FOR NEW FACILITIES:

An analysis of the impact of newly proposed facilities on ambient air quality, visibility, soils, and vegatation must be conducted and made available for public comment.

Develop and submit for public review and comment a draft materials separation plan summarizing what materials will be separated, how they will be separated and what service areas will be included. Must also prepare written responses to comments received and prepare a final draft materials separation plan as a part of the permit application. Must also hold a public meeting to discuss the plan and provide notification of the meeting in the areas where the waste will be collected and where the plant will be sited.

11. ASH MANAGEMENT

(per RCRA Regulations - For new and Existing Facilities):

If Ash tests hazardous (using the RCRA Toxic Characteristics Leaching Procedure) it must be managed as a hazardous waste.

If it does not test hazardous it may be disposed in a municipal waste (non-hazardous) landfill.

Fly ash and bottom ash may be combined prior to testing. Combined ash does not generally test hazardous.


* - These requirements for smaller units have been vacated by Judicial Remand and will not be applicable until EPA promulgates revised regulations.

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Last Revised: November 14, 1997

comments: levy.steve@epamail.epa.gov

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