1. APPLICABILITY

Construction Specification 46 is applicable to the installation of clay and concrete drain tile for land drainage.

2. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

The following material specifications are complementary to Construction Specification 46:

a. Clay Pipe and Drain Tile: Specification 544

b. Non-Reinforced Concrete Pipe: Specification 543

3. ITEMS TO BE INCLUDED IN CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS AND DRAWINGS

a. Line and grade for tile/pipe. Include statement in items of work that pipe shall be installed so that there is no reversal of grade between joints unless specifically shown otherwise on the drawings.

b. Kind, size and class of tile and/or pipe.

c. Typical cross-sections, including typical bedding details.

d. Special fittings, appurtenances, etc.

e. Maximum and minimum trench widths.

f. Procedures to use where unstable soils are encountered. Consider Contractor's responsibility for construction safety.

g. Typical pipe outlets.

h. Details of appurtenances.

i. Location and details of any special tile/pipe bedding requirements.

j. Use or restrictions of automatic backfillers.

k. Location of required compacted backfill.

l. Details of any special fittings.

m. Type of joint required (including spacers where required).

n. Type, kind and size of materials to be used to cover joint or pipe.

o. Type of envelope or filter.

p. Gradation of sand-gravel envelope or filter material. Note the limits of the moisture content of sand material so bulking will be avoided.

q. Directions for covering pipe with envelope or filter material. Provide caution to avoid the dropping of gravel/rock materials directly on clay tile.

4. DISCUSSION OF METHODS

Methods are included in Section 4, 5, and 7. The methods are self-explanatory.