CUTTING PAPER - OTHER TOOLS - Paper Grade and Type names
 

Paper Grade and Type names

 
Printing and 
Writing paper
 All paper used for communication, except (usually) newsprint, but including paper types such as envelopes and file folders.  
  
Most printing and writing paper is categorized by two characteristics:  
1. groundwood vs. free sheet and  
2. coated vs. uncoated. 
 
 
Groundwood
 paper is mechanically pulped (like newsprint) which is less expensive but generally implies poorer graphic characteristics than chemically pulped paper
Free sheet
 is defined as having less than 10% groundwood paper, often having none. Coated papers are coated to improve the results when printed on (particularly for color) 
Uncoated paper
 may have fillers to improve opacity or brightness, but are not heavily coated on the surfaces. The rest of this discussion concerns Uncoated Free Sheet papers. only 
 
 
Uncoated Free 
Sheet papers
 which [AFPA,93a] defines as "bleached uncoated printing and writing papers containing not more than 10% groundwood or other mechanical pulps in their furnish; ie., offset, tablet, envelope, business papers (bond, ledger, mimeo, duplicator), form bond, cover and text and related papers" 
 
 
Furnish
 is simply the term for the materials (other than water) used as input to the paper machine. Despite its name, most uncoated free sheet is actually sod in rolls, not in cut-sheet for [P&P, 95], presumably cut into sheets after printing or further conversion. 
Form Bond
 Is that used in pre-printed forms, and/or with special converting such as perforations or tractor-feed holes that facilitate printing and separation. 
Business Forms
 "A document that has a large circulation, and frequently combines pre-printed information with either digitized or personalized information." [TAPPI, 89, citing API, 80]
Computer 
Printout Paper
(CPO)
 "A general term for any paper used in computer printers, but it usually refers to forms, bonds, and ledgers" [TAPPI, 89, citing API, 80]
Copy Papers
 refers to a "Class of papers normally used for office copiers. Main ones are electrostatic, bond, spirit duplicating, stencil duplicating (mimeograph), and a number of more specialized papers as diazo, white print, and others. [TAPPI, 89; citing CPPA Glossary of Printing Terms for the Paper Maker (English Version), 1979] 
Ledger Paper
 Originally a quality paper well/suited to accounting and related penoriented tasks, but now used with broader meaning (abstracted from [TAPPI, 89]) 
Business Paper
 "Paper used for administrative uses, such as bonds, punch cards, safety papers, mimeographs, and duplicator papers" [TAPPI, 89; citing the 'Dictionary of Computing' by IBM, 1987]
Office Paper
 A generic category sometimes referring to copy paper and sometimes to any paper used in an office setting.
Plain Paper
 1) "Paper that does not carry any specialty coating like thermally receptive, photoreceptive, or dielectric 
2) Paper made throughout from one grade of stock 
3) Uncoated paper as book paper, for example..." [TAPPI, 89: citing API, 80]
White Paper
 "is paper without pigment or ground wood. Examples include unbound bond paper, copier paper, computer paper, green bar and lined paper and white non-windowed envelopes" [Levin 95] This definition is primarily oriented towards disposal, and is distinguished from "assorted non-white paper" which is defined to include nearly everything else aside from cardboard and groundwood paper (e.g. newsprint) 
Cut-Size
 Used by BIS, apparently to refer to reprographic paper. 

References
[AFPA, 93a]  American Forest and Paper Association, AFPA Capacity Survey, 1992-1996: Paper, Paperboard, and Pulp Capacity (and Fiber Consumpiton), 34th Annual Survey.
[API, 80]  American Paper Institute, The Dictionary of Paper: A compendium of terms commonly used in the U.S. Pulp, Paper, and Allied Industries, Fourth Edition, New York, NY, 1980.
[TAPPI, 89]  Technical Association for the Pulp and Paper Industry, Glossary of Reprography and Non/Impact Printing Terms for the Paper and Printing Industries, prepared by the Printing and Imaging Committee of the Coating and Graphic Arts Division of TAPPI, 1989, TAPPI Press, Atlanta, GA. 
[LEVIN, 95]  Levin, Victoria, Using Benchmarking to Minimize Common DOE Waste Streams; Volume V: Office Paper Waste, Environmentally Conscious Life Cycle Systems Department, Sandia National Laboratory, prepared for Office of Waste Management, Environmental Management, Waste Minimization Division, US. Department of Energy, October, 1995.
[P&P, 95]  Pulp & Paper 1995 North American Factbook, Miller-Freeman, San Francisco, Ca.
 
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