Following are specific recommendations for
preventing pollution in your fiberglass operations. You can also
view common pollution prevention methods that apply to all types of
business by clicking on the category "hyper links" further down this
page. |
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Click on these links to scroll down this
page
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Good Housekeeping (Click here for common p2 methods that apply to all types
of business) |
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Use recyclable floor sweeping compound reduces
amount of resin and solvent contaminated floor sweeping
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Maintenance
(Click here for common p2 methods that apply to all types of
business) |
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Purchase and Inventory (Click here for common p2 methods that apply to all types
of business) |
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To reduce rejected and/or excess raw materials:
improve inventory control purchase materials in smaller containers
return unused materials to suppliers |
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Material and Waste Storage (Click here for common p2 methods that apply to
all types of business) |
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Cover solvent containers reduces air emissions
prevents contamination with water
Segregate wastes such as chlorinated from
non-chlorinated solvent, aliphatic from aromatic solvent, wastewater
from flammables. makes solvent waste easier to recycle
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Basic Operations (Click here for common p2 methods that apply to all types
of business) |
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To reduce equipment cleaning wastes:
- place the solvent container near the resin
spray area
- prevent drippage and spills when cleaning
tools
- clean equipment before resin dries
- restrict solvent use by limiting the quantity
issued each shift
- schedule production runs together and
schedule families of products in sequence
- minimizes cleaning between batches
- store and reuse solvents until the high
concentration of resin contamination prevents effective
cleaning
- reduce solvent rinse usage
- use small lab-type wash bottles for treater
pan cleanouts
- use squeegee tools for treater and vessel
cleanouts and press the squeegee against the vessel walls to
force the remaining resin to the bottom for collection
- use a two-stage cleaning process where
dirty equipment of tools are first cleaned in dirty solvent,
followed by a clean rinse with a smaller volume of fresh
solvent. Recycle the dirty solvent when it reaches the maximum
level of contamination and replace with the accumulated "clean"
rinse solvent.
Limit quantities of raw materials and products
for testing and analysis reduces laboratory and research
wastes |
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Equipment Changes (Click here for common p2 methods that apply to all types
of business) |
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To reduce scrap solvated and partially cured
resins:
- Modify resin pan geometry
- Pan widths should be no more than 10 inches
wider than the fabric. If a narrow width fabric is run in an
unnecessarily wide pan, additional solvated resin is wasted.
Install adjusting devices made to fit into treater pan to reduce
its volume and occupy the treater pan volume when coating narrow
fabric.
- reduce transfer pipe size
- reduces the amount of resin discarded from
the pipe connecting the mix tank to the treater tank.
- disadvantage: requires detailed hydraulic
analysis and possibly pump modifications to ensure that an
acceptable flow rate is maintained.
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Material Substitution (Click here for common p2 methods that apply to all types
of business) |
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Use less toxic and volatile solvent substitutes
in the curing process and/or for cleaning. There are commercially
available substitutes that are biodegradable, water-soluble, resin
bed compatible and recoverable. reduces air emissions
Replace organic solvents with emulsifiers. The
emulsifier is an alkaline mixture of surfactants, wetting agents,
and various proprietary ingredients which can often be disposed of
in the sanitary sewer. virtually no air emissions biodegradable
non-flammable there are claims that emulsifiers last twice as long
as solvents disadvantages: some emulsifier concentrates may contain
solvents, dissolved metals, silicates, and phosphates that make them
unacceptable in some sewage systems. Different cleaning techniques
must be employed when using emulsifiers, so adequate instruction of
both management and workers is essential.
Resin formulation can be modified to reduce the
VOC emissions. In general a resin with lower monomer content should
produce lower emissions. Vapor suppressions agents (e.g. paraffin
waxes) also are sometimes added to resins to reduce VOC
emissions. |
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Process Change
(Click here for common p2 methods that apply to all types of
business) |
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Employ alternate material application and
fabrication techniques reduces solvent and resin spillage and
oversprays
Change spray design to reduce gelcoat and
solvent oversprays.
Optimizing the material application process
reduces overspray and air emissions. Overspray can be eliminated or
reduced greatly through simple techniques such as spray orientation
and advanced measures such as equipment modification. Lower
operating pressures for spray delivery systems reduces cost and
maintenance of pressure lines, pumps, controls, and fittings as well
as frequency and difficulty of routine cleanup of work areas.
Non-spray resin application methods reduce material waste and other
expenses, in particular energy purchase cost.
- Spray Orientation- waste often
accumulates around the bottom of sprayed objects because the tip
of the spray gun is directed down toward the bottom of the object,
rather than horizontally. Likewise, it may be difficult for the
operator to shoot the top of high objects. If spraying is directed
vertically instead of horizontally to the top of the object, the
spray dissipates as a fine mist up to several feet away from the
object. Hence, depending upon the shape of the objects,
appropriate spray orientations may be developed.
- Spray Delivery Systems - The
atomization and spray patterns become more efficient, reducing
excessive fogging, overspray, and bounceback for the delivery
systems listed below:
- high-pressure air system -
practically obsolete due to large amounts of expensive high
pressure air required. Low styrene emissions limits generally
can't be met.
- airless method - pressurized resin
stream is electrostatically atomized through a nozzle with
variable orifice size and spray angle. Considered to be very
efficient in delivering resins to the work surface, although
excessive fogging, overspray and bounceback may occur.
- air-assisted technology - modifies
the airless gun by introducing pressurized air on the outer edge
of the resin stream as it exits the pressure nozzle. The air
stream forms an envelope that forces the resin to follow a
controllable, less dispersed spray pattern. Lower resin delivery
pressure can be used since the air assist helps distribute the
resin. Low delivery pressure also reduces fogging, overspray,
and bounceback, which in turn reduces raw material waste. Since
more resin ends up on the product, the amount of spraying is
reduced, leading to a reduction in styrene air emissions.
- Non-Spray Application Methods -
although non-spray application techniques could be messy or even
impossible in some cases, they merit consideration in other
circumstances. The various non-spray application methods are as
follows:
- prespray fiber reinforcing
(prepregs) - resin-to-fiber ratios can be strictly
controlled, atomization of pollutants is practically eliminated,
and cleanup and disposal problems are greatly reduced.
Disadvantages are higher raw materials cost, energy requirements
for curing, and the refrigerated storage needs of
prepregs.
- in-house resin impregnators appear
to have considerable potential for reducing pollution associated
with open molding operations. Use lower-cost polyester resins
and fiberglass materials than prepregs. Can be mounted in
lamination area of plant to feed resin-saturated reinforcing
materials directly at the molding operations.
- resin roller dispensers can reduce
material losses due to excessive fogging, overspray, turbulence,
and bounceback. Low delivery pressures help maintain a cleaner
work area. External emissions and the need for high levels of
make-up air are reduced. Very often existing spray gun equipment
can be adapted to resin rollers.
- vacuum bag molding allows resin
delivery without atomization, with the exception of the gelcoat.
Vapor emissions and odor are greatly reduced. Excess resin can
be trapped and dust-generating operations are minimized.
- closed molding systems practically
eliminate requirements for atomization of resins and may offer a
number of production advantages over conventional approaches to
molding. Eliminates fogging, bounceback, and overspray and
reduces vapor emissions and odor. There is little, if any, waste
resin. Dust-producing operations are reduced.
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Recycling & Waste Exchange (Click here for common p2 methods that apply to
all types of business) |
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Minimize solids concentrations to allow for
efficient solvent reclamation.
Have you looked into purchasing your own solvent
distillation unit?
- Commercial solvent recovery units are
available in various sizes. Most pay for themselves in less than 2
years.
- reduces solvent purchases.
- reduce the amount of waste that has to be
managed.
If you don't reclaim solvent through
distillation, does your hazardous waste handler reclaim
solvent?
- Contract with a solvent tank maintenance
service to come to your business periodically. They will remove
the solvent and sludge from your tank and replace it with clean
solvent.
- Or, spent solvents can be sent off-site to a
commercial recycler.
Waste exchange scrap solvated and partially
cured resins |
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