Malmö:
Bo01, City of Tomorrow: European Building Exhibition and sustainable
Malmö:
| |
| Country: | a) Northern Europe | ,b) Sweden |
| Language: | |
| Type: | Project, 1 |
| Area: | District/Quarter, 100,000 - 1 mill. |
| Actors: | Local government, National government, European Union, Publ.-priv. partnership |
| Funding: | Local government, National government, European Union, Publ.-priv. partnership |
| Topics: | Built environment |
| Land use and -planning | |
| Urban renewal / Urban rehabilitation | |
| Objectives: | Improve access to information |
| Increase use of clean technology | |
| Increase use of ecological building materials | |
| Increase use of renewable resources | |
| Instruments: | Demonstration and pilot project |
| Integrated planning approach |
Bo01 – a European Housing Exposition scheduled for May 11 – September 9, 2001 - is sited on a ‘post-industrial’ waterfront in Malmö. Bo01, also referred to as the City of Tomorrow, is the first phase of a long-term development plan for the Västra Hamnen (Western Harbour) area in Malmö. The Exposition consists of two parts: a newly constructed urban district with about 800 apartments and a temporary exhibition regarding ”The City of Tomorrow in the ecologically sustainable information and welfare society.” Bo01 is understood to be an outstanding project for the following reasons:
A primary motivation for Bo01 is the desire to realise an ”ecologically sustainable information and welfare society” in Malmö and Sweden. It is hoped that the Västra Hamnen district will be recognized as a world leader in sustainable development, and will serve as a demonstration project for similar efforts around the world. Bo01 is the largest and most visible expression of efforts in Malmö to advance a discussion and implementation of Agenda 21 principles. A primary thesis at work here is that the sustainable city must be an attractive one, and so a good amount of attention is given to the architecture and design. While about 800 new apartments are to be built for the Bo01 exhibition phase, eventually there are to be about 1000 new housing units here on the 30 hectare site, complemented by places of work, restaurants, cafes, day care centers and schools, libraries and other services. Altogether Bo01 is intended to eventually have the character of a city on the water, with canals, recreational harbors, docks and waterfront promenades. The buildings will typically be between three and six stories in height, while an accent is set with the one high-rise structure of 25 stories, which will contain apartments, offices and businesses.
Some of the main objectives of Bo01 are:
Bo01 exhibitions will encompass so-called VISION Concepts, Secret Gardens, water art and floating and moveable homes in a green woodland of sculpted willow. Images will be presented of the future of sustainable living and construction.
Described as Scandinavia’s largest cultural event in 2001, VISION involves four exhibitions designed to provoke discussion on alternative development scenarios: Future Homes, the House, Home/Homelessness and Year One. With the assistance of art and technology, these exhibitions are to focus on major questions of urban lifestyles, and how situations may change or be changed in the future.
The meaning, function and value of the home will be discussed and presented through a framework of ten different themes relating to ‚home.‘ Future possibilities for housing, Homes and living will be exhibited in what is to be the largest home exhibition of the era, involving about 75 specially furnished houses. A ”European Village” is being constructed as an international single-family home development, to display how EU building guidelines are interpreted in various European countries.
Leading Swedish and international landscape architects, garden designers and artists will interpret Tomorrow in the Gardens of the Future. “Secret Spaces” will be found in ten different gardens that visitors can interact with. This project is expected to provoke debate about the nature of the garden – in theory and practice – in the 21st Century.
An exhibition called Dirty Design will deal with issues of contaminated land and the alternatives available for reusing and redeveloping such land. Some of the options for reclaiming, cleaning and reusing former industrial sites will be physically demonstrated at Bo01.
A Quality Programme has been organized to help achieve goals set for Bo01 by the City and to define minimum standards for the participating developers and builders. This Programme represents a joint agreement between developers, Bo01 and the City of Malmö. Expected levels of quality are summarised here for the environment, information technology, design, utilities and social services.
Sweden’s largest urban solar energy project is being implemented through Bo01, with electricity being generated through photovoltaic panels and also through wind energy systems. Energy systems are coordinated with waste systems to recover heat to generate biogas. Heat is to be extracted from the sea and rock strata, and methane gas will be extracted from local refuse and sewage, which after being treated will be supplied to the district via the City’s natural gas network. The Bo01 energy systems are to be coordinated with those of Malmö, with the City system acting as an accumulator and as a reserve system.
Bo01 energy initiatives are part of a EU campaign to support renewable energy sources. The EU has identified 100 areas in Europe, with Bo01 being one of the first selected to participate in the ”Campaign for Take-Off.” To achieve the target of serving Bo01 with 100% locally renewable energy, the City of Malmö has established a partnership with the power utility Sydkraft, Lund University and the Swedish National Energy Administration.
Local energy, water and waste recycling systems are designed for Bo01. Equipment for waste separation is to be installed in the houses, and a plant is created to extract energy and nutrients from sludge produced at the local sewage plant. Here phosphates will be separated from the sludge to be returned as nutrients to agricultural land. Remaining sludge will be incinerated as a bio-fuel. A new biogas digester will be built to convert organic waste to fertiliser and biogas for heating and as vehicle fuel. Vacuum refuse chutes are to extract organic waste from other household waste.
The urban design of Bo01 is relatively dense and immediately adjacent to the downtown of Malmö, a university and other institutions as well as an attractive long beach. Services and recreational opportunities are to be included in the development with the hope of reducing transportation needs. A special emphasis is given to pedestrians and bicyclists who will have priority over cars in Bo01 and will enjoy a considerable network of paths. A substantial program to encourage vehicles using environmentally-friendly fuels is planned, and public transport as well as a car pool fleet will include a number of electric or gas vehicles. There is a plan to provide a tank station for alternative fuels such as biogas, ethanol and a charging station for the electric cars.
The decision was originally made in 1996 to support such a European Housing Expo, based on a Swedish initiative and with the assistance of the European Union. Bo01 is organized by Bo01 AB, a wholly owned subsidiary of Svensk Bostadsmassa, which itself was formed as a non-profit organization in 1997 by the Swedish housing minister to stimulate debate on housing, architecture and technology.
The City of Stockholm is also involved, as they have organized competitions among manufacturers to identify the most appropriate, or most sustainable technologies. The more than thirty different Bo01 property developers and builders are encouraged to use these technologies with the assumption that new technology procurement will function as a driving force for more environmentally appropriate energy and resource efficient materials, products and systems. Developers have also been encouraged to work with renowned architects to ensure a high quality in Bo01’s built environment. The State of Denmark is participating in Bo01, as are eighteen Swedish cities, including Malmö, Göteborg and Stockholm.
Primary investors in Bo01 are the State of Sweden, the City of Malmö and Sydkraft which is a regional power company. Bo01 is supported by the European Commission and is part of a Local Investment Programme for the Ecological Adaptation of Malmö. The City of Malmö was granted 250 million Swedish Kr. from the national government for this work and earlier funding also came for land reclamation and the development of a sustainable energy system within Bo01.
At the time of writing this review, the Bo01 construction was still in the early phases. While Bo01 started with many lofty goals and dreams, it can not be determined at this point just how many of these will be realized. During the four months of the Bo01 exhibitions, project organizers hope to attract about 1 million visitors.
Much will be known by the end of the Expo in 2001, but as Bo01 is a long-term project, we will have to wait at least another five or ten years to see if this effort in Malmö is truly a sustainable one, and if it will help Malmö and Sweden attain the status as leaders in the field of sustainable urban development.
Bo01 (2000) The Ecological City of Tomorrow in Malmö, Sweden. City of Malmö Project Office for Bo01.
Bo01 - Stadt der Zukunft, Europäische Wohnmesse und Ausstellung in Malmö, Schweden (2000) City of Malmö Project Office for Bo01.
Bo01 (1999) Quality Programme Bo01. City of Tomorrow. City of Malmö Project Office for Bo01.
Bo01 FRAMTIDSSTADEN (City of Tomorrow)
| Name | : | Andersson |
| Firstname | : | Jon |
| Telefon | : | ++46 4051 2001 |
| Telefax | : | ++46 4051 2020 |
| Address | : | Valborgsgatan 10 |
| SE-216 13 | ||
| Limhamn | ||
| Sweden |
| Name | : | Nilsson |
| Firstname | : | Per-Arne |
| Telefon | : | ++46 4035 9550 |
| Telefax | : | ++46 4066 14332 |
| Address | : | City of Malmö |
| Bo01 Office | ||
| Nordenskiöldsgatan 17 | ||
| S-211 19 Malmö | ||
| Sweden | ||
Malmö is Sweden’s third largest municipality and the commercial center for southern Sweden. The City’s population has increased over the last decade due to significant immigration, and about 25% of Malmö’s residents have foreign roots.
The historical City District is surrounded by a system of canals and bridges. While Malmö has long been a well-established trade city, including links by water, land, and air, Malmö is now connected to Copenhagen through the Øresund Bridge, which was opened on July 1, 2000. The Øresund ”Fixed Link” is both a tunnel and a bridge between Sweden and Denmark, and includes both a new motorway and railway.
The new Malmö University places an emphasis on multi-disciplinary research in collaboration with many regional public and private institutions. There are about 9,000 companies in Malmö and approx. 120,000 jobs. Malmö is making significant efforts to transform itself from a city of industry to being a city of culture and research, but in the transition is having to deal with considerable unemployment.
Project was added at 24.08.2001
Project was changed at 24.08.2001