Effective May 28, 1992, Ohio House Bill 147 amended sections of the Ohio Revised Code (ORC) regarding the regulation of Class I injection wells for the disposal of sewage, industrial wastes, hazardous wastes and other wastes. Pursuant to these amendments, each owner or operator of a Class I injection well facility must prepare and adopt a waste minimization and treatment plan by May 28, 1994. The plan will identify the specific technically and economically feasible measures that will be taken to prevent or reduce releases into the environment. Elements that must be included in a waste minimization and treatment plan are listed on pages D-2 to D-4. Note also that this section of the Ohio Revised Code contains several definitions of terms. These definitions are similar to definitions given in this guidance manual; however, there are some differences in definitions.
Table D-1 is included to show the similarities between a pollution prevention program as outlined in U.S. EPA's Facility Pollution Prevention Guide and a waste minimization and treatment plan for a Class I injection well facility. This comparison table illustrates that although the names of elements and order of elements may be different, the guide and the Class I injection well facility requirements essentially describe the same kind of pollution prevention and waste minimization programs.
Owners and operators of Class I injection well facilities may use this guidance manual and U.S. EPA's Facility Pollution Prevention Guide as a reference for preparing a waste minimization and treatment plan. These manuals concentrate on pollution prevention and waste minimization. Facilities can use the elements in these manuals for developing plans. However, the manuals do not discuss treatment options.
Treatment technologies are commonly broken down into several categories: physical, thermal, chemical, and biological. Table D-2 lists classes of treatment technologies and gives examples of each class. Facilities should consider all treatment technologies when choosing treatment options, and should also consider innovative technologies.
Ohio Revised Code , Section 6111.045
(A) Not later than twenty-four months after the effective date of
this section, each owner or operator of a class I injection
well facility shall prepare and adopt a waste minimization and
treatment plan to identify the specific technically and
economically feasible measures that will be taken to prevent
or reduce releases into the environment of the industrial
waste and other wastes generated at the facility and, in the
case of such an injection well facility that is located on the
premises of the industrial facility, the industrial waste and
other wastes generated at that industrial facility. The waste
minimization and treatment plan shall cover a three-year
planning period and shall include all of the following:
(1) The name, address, and, if applicable, standard
industrial classification code of the facility;
(2) A summary of the industrial wastes and other wastes
generated at the facility, including supporting data and
calculations;
(3) A description of the facility's historic efforts at waste
minimization and treatment and of existing waste
minimization and treatment, source reduction, and
recycling practices undertaken at the facility in 1987
and subsequent years;
(4) An assessment of the technically and economically
feasible options for the further elimination or reduction
of such wastes that considers the impacts of cross-media
transfers and gives preference to source reduction over
the recycling, treatment or disposal of the wastes;
(5) The identification of specific objectives to prevent,
reduce, or recycle releases of such wastes when
technically and economically feasible options exist;
(6) An explanation of the rationale for the objectives
identified under division (A)(5) of this section;
(7) A signed policy statement articulating the commitment of
upper management and the corporation to implement the
waste minimization and treatment plan and its objectives.
(B) Each waste minimization and treatment plan prepared and
adopted under division (A) of this section shall be retained
at the facility to which it applies and shall be made
available for inspection and review by the director of
environmental protection or his authorized representative.
The disclosure of any trade secret information contained in
any such plan is subject to section 1333.51 of the Revised
Code.
(C) Every three years after the adoption of a waste minimization
and treatment plan under division (A) of this section, the
owner or operator of the facility to which the plan applies,
on or before the anniversary of the date of the adoption of
the plan, shall do all of the following:
(1) Review the operation of the facility for any changes in
the type and amount of industrial waste or other wastes
generated at the facility that have occurred since the
adoption of the plan or the most recent revision of the
plan;
(2) If necessary or appropriate, reevaluate the technically
and economically feasible options for reducing or
eliminating the generation of industrial waste or other
wastes at the facility;
(3) If any changes in the type or amount of wastes generated
at the facility are identified under division (C)(1) of
this section or if, after a reevaluation conducted under
division (C)(2) of this section, the owner or operator of
the facility determines that the waste minimization and
treatment options in the plan or most recent revision of
the plan should be updated, amend the plan to update the
information contained in it and include in the amendment
an explanation of the need for the amendment.
(D)(1) Not later than two years after the effective date of this
section, each owner or operator of a class I injection
well facility shall submit to the director of
environmental protection an executive summary of the
waste minimization and treatment plan adopted by the
owner or operator under division (A) of this section.
The executive summary shall include a synopsis of each of
the elements required to be included in the plan under
divisions (A)(2) to (6) of this section and shall include
a signed policy statement articulating the commitment of
upper management and the corporation to implement the
plan and its objectives.
(2) Every three years after the adoption of a waste
minimization and treatment plan under division (A) of
this section, the owner or operator of a class I
injection well facility, on or before the anniversary of
the date of the adoption of the plan, shall submit to the
director a revised executive summary of the plan that
meets the requirements of division (D)(1) of this section
and contains revisions to the amendments to the plan made
by the most recent review of the plan required under
division (C) of this section.
(E) No person shall fail to comply with this section.
(F) As used in this section:
(1) "Disposal" means the discharge, deposit, injection,
dumping, spilling, leaking, emitting, or placing of any
industrial waste or other wastes into or on any land or
ground or surface water or into the air, except if the
disposition constitutes storage or treatment.
(2) "Recycling" means to use, reuse, or reclaim a material.
(3) "Release" means any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring,
emitting, emptying, injecting, escaping, leaching,
dumping, or discharging into the environment of any
industrial waste or other wastes, including the
abandonment or discarding of barrels, containers, or
other closed receptacles that contained an industrial
waste or other waste.
(4) "Source reduction" means any practice that reduces the
amount of any industrial waste or other wastes entering
any waste stream or otherwise released into the
environment, including fugitive emissions, prior to
recycling, treatment, or disposal and that reduces the
hazards to public health and the environment associated
with the release of such wastes. "Source reduction"
includes equipment or technology modifications, process
or procedure modifications, reformulation or redesign of
products, substitution of raw materials, and improvements
in housekeeping, maintenance, training, or inventory
control. "Source reduction" does not include any
practice that alters the physical, chemical, or
biological characteristics or the volume of an industrial
waste or other wastes through a process or activity that
is not integral to and necessary for the production of a
product or the providing of a service.
(5) "Treatment" means any method, technique, or process
designed to change the physical, chemical, or biological
characteristics or composition of any industrial waste or
other wastes; to neutralize the waste; to recover energy
or material resources from the waste; to render the waste
nonhazardous or less hazardous, safer to transport, store
or dispose of, or amenable for recovery, storage, further
treatment, or disposal; or to reduce the volume of the
waste.
(6) "Waste minimization" means any effort to reduce or
recycle the quantity of waste generated and, when
feasible, to reduce or eliminate toxicity. "Waste
minimization" does not include treatment unless the
treatment is part of the recycling process.
HISTORY: 144 v H 147. Eff 5-28-92
| Facility Pollution Prevention Guide Pollution Prevention Program | Class I Injection Well Facility Waste Minimization and Treatment Plan |
|---|---|
Establish the pollution prevention program
| ORC 6111.045(A)(7) - A signed policy statement articulating the commitment of upper management and the corporation to implement the waste minimization and treatment plan and its objectives |
Organize the program
| ORC 6111.045(A)(7) - (same as above) |
Do preliminary assessment
| ORC 6111.045(A)(2) - A summary of the industrial wastes and other wastes generated at the facility, including supporting data and calculations ORC 6111.045(A)(3) - A description of the facility's historic efforts at waste minimization and treatment and of the existing waste minimization and treatment, source reduction, and recycling practices undertaken at the facility in 1987 and subsequent years |
Write program plan
| |
Do detailed assessment
| ORC 6111.045(A)(4) - An assessment of the technically and economically feasible options for the further elimination or reduction of such wastes that considers the impacts of cross-media transfers and gives preference to source reduction over the recycling, treatment or disposal of the wastes |
Define pollution prevention options
| ORC 6111.045(A)(4) - (same as above) |
Do feasibility analysis
| ORC 6111.045(A)(4) - (same as above) |
| Write assessment report | ORC 6111.045(A) - ... prepare and adopt a waste minimization and treatment plan ... ORC 6111.045(A)(5) - The identification of specific objectives to prevent, reduce, or recycle releases of such wastes when technically and economically feasible options exist ORC 6111.045(A)(6) - An explanation of the rationale for the objectives identified under division (A)(5) of this section |
Implement the plan
| ORC 6111.045(A)(7) - A signed policy statement articulating the commitment of upper management and the corporation to implement the waste minimization and treatment plan and its objectives |
Measure progress
| |
| Maintain the pollution prevention program | ORC 6111.045(C) - Periodic review (every three years) of waste minimization and treatment plan |
Notes:
(from Appendix to OAC 3745-65-73, Table 2)
| Thermal treatment | Physical treatment Separation of components | Physical treatment Removal of specific components |
|---|---|---|
| Liquid injection incinerator Rotary kiln incinerator Fluidized bed incinerator Multiple hearth incinerator Infrared furnace incinerator Molten salt destructor Pyrolysis Wet air oxidation Calcination Microwave discharge Cement kiln Lime kiln | Centrifugation Clarification Coagulation Decanting Encapsulation Filtration Flocculation Flotation Foaming Sedimentation Thickening Ultrafiltration | Absorption-molecular sieve Activated carbon Blending Catalysis Crystallization Dialysis Distillation Electrodialysis Electrolysis Evaporation High gradient magnetic separation Leaching Liquid ion exchange Liquid-liquid extraction Reverse osmosis Solvent recovery Stripping Sand filter |
| Chemical treatment | Biological treatment | |
| Absorption mound Absorption field Chemical fixation Chemical oxidation Chemical precipitation Chemical reduction Chlorination Chlorinolysis Cyanide destruction Degradation Detoxification Ion exchange Neutralization Ozonation Photolysis | Activated sludge Aerobic lagoon Aerobic tank Anaerobic lagoon Composting Septic tank Spray irrigation Thickening filter Trickling filter Waste stabilization pond |