Cities & Green Living: Cleaner Manufacturing: In Depth: Report

Preventing Industrial Pollution at its Source
A Final Report of the Michigan Source Reduction Initiative


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Appendix 3: Selection of Priority Chemicals

Table 1: Description of Environmental Criteria

CRITERIADESCRIPTION
Total WastesTotal production-related waste prior to treatment, recycling or control. Determined by adding the quantities reported in question 8 of the TRI for the "current year."
Total ReleasesQuantity of total releases as reported on TRI.
Air ReleasesQuantity of total air releases as reported on TRI. This is the sum of the point and non-point source air emissions reported on TRI.
Water ReleasesWater releases as reported on TRI.
Land ReleasesOn-site land disposal as reported on TRI.
Chlorinated BurnedQuantity of chlorinated compounds that are sent to incinerators. These data were provided by Dow.
Air Carcinogens-PoundsQuantity of total air releases (point and non-point as reported on TRI) of chemicals considered to be carcinogens (listed in the USEPA Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables, (HEAST) Table B: Carcinogenicity)
Air Carcinogens-WeightedTo get a general indicator of potential relative risk from different chemicals, a weight factor was calculated as the product of the total air releases (point and non-point reported on TRI) times the Unit Risk Factor as reported in the Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST) and Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Air Non-carcinogens-PoundsQuantity of total air releases (point and non-point as reported on TRI) of chemicals considered toxic but not carcinogens.
Air Non-carcinogens weightedTo get a general indicator of potential risk from different chemicals, a weight factor was calculated by dividing the total air releases (point and non-point reported on TRI) by the Reference Concentrations reported in the Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables and the Integrated Risk Information System.
Water Quality Criteria-PoundsTo get a general indicator of potential relative water quality impacts from specific chemicals, a weight factor was calculated by dividing the release quantities by the water quality criteria reported as a concentration.
Persistence/bioaccumulationTo get a general indicator of the persistence and bioaccumulation effects of specific chemicals, a qualitative ranking was developed using the Hazard Ranking System for Superfund sites. The ranking is based on a High, Medium, low, very low system derived from a numerical HRS score.
Persistent Toxics-MVMAThis category is based on the list of chemicals in an agreement between Michigan DEQ and the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association (MVMA) for Criteria and List of Persistent Toxic Substances. A "yes" indicates that the chemical is on the list.
Risk Planning Acute AirThis category is based on the chemicals listed in section 112(r) of the CAA that may require risk management planning due to acute toxicity. The total pounds of wastes generated was used as an indicator of the potential quantities of substances at the facility.
Risk Planning FlammabilityThis category is based on the chemicals listed in section 112(r) of the CAA that may require risk management planning due to flammability. The total pounds of wastes generated was used as an indicator of the potential quantities of substances at the facility.
Increased ReleasesIncreases in total releases of specific chemicals were calculated between 1991 and 1995.
Increase Waste GenerationIncreases in total waste generation of specific chemicals were calculated between 1991 and 1995.
Waste/production IncreasesChanges in total waste generation between 1991 and 1994 were indexed to production using the Production Index reported in Section 8 of the TRI.
Endocrine DisruptersTotal releases of chemicals considered to be endocrine disrupters, according to a list developed by Theo Colburn.



Table 2: Results of Ranking of Priority Chemicals

PRIORITY CHEMICALENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF CONCERNRANK
AcrylonitrileRelease of water Quality Criteria compound-weighted
Risk Planning (112r)-Acute
Release of Air Carcinogen-risk weighted
1
1
2
Aliphatic Process Tar, BCl-1Burning of Chlorinated Compounds (dioxin formation)4
ButadieneRelease of Air Carcinogen-risk weighted
Risk Planning(112r) Flammability
1
2
ChlorineIncrease in Releases
Risk Planning (112r)-Acute
2
4
ChloroethaneTotal Release
Release of air non-carcinogen
2
2
ChloromethaneBurning of Chlorinated Compounds (dioxin formation)
Increase in waste/unit of product
Increase in total waste generation
Risk Planning (112r)-Acute
Total waste in 1995
3
3
4
6
7
Cyclic process tar, BCl-2Burning of Chlorinated Compounds (dioxin formation)3
Dichlorophenol (2,4)Water Quality Criteria
Burning of Chlorinated Compounds (dioxin formation)
5
8
EthylbenzeneRelease of air non-carcinogen3
Finished Product BCl-1Burning of Chlorinated Compounds (dioxin formation)New
Finished Product BCl-4Burning of Chlorinated Compounds (dioxin formation)New
HCl-priorityTotal waste in 1995
Burning of Chlorinated Compounds (dioxin formation)
Release of air non-carcinogen
Risk Planning (112r)-Acute
1
1
2
3
Intermediate BCl-4Burning of Chlorinated Compounds (dioxin formation)New
24DRelease of Endocrine Disrupters
Water Releases
2
7
Dichloroethane (1,2)Water Releases-weighted
Increase in releases
2
7
ChromiumRelease to land1
FormaldehydeIncrease in Releases
Release of Air Carcinogen
Water release of criteria compound
Total Release
Persistence ranking
1
1
1
4
High
Methylene ChlorideWater release of criteria compound
Burning of Chlorinated Compounds (dioxin formation)
Release of Air Carcinogen
Persistence ranking
2
7
8
High
PhosgeneBurning of Chlorinated Compounds (dioxin formation)
6
StyreneRelease of Endocrine Disrupters
Release of air non-carcinogen
Total waste in 1995
Increase in waste/unit of product
Total release in 1995
Increase in Releases
1
2
4
5
5
6
TetrachloroethyleneRelease of air non-carcinogen
Burning of Chlorinated Compounds (dioxin formation)
Water release of criteria compound
Persistence ranking
3
4
5
High
Tetrachloroethane (1,1,1,2)Burning of Chlorinated Compounds (dioxin formation)New
TolueneTotal release in 1995
Release of air-non carcinogen
1
1
Trichlorophenol (2,4,6)Burning of Chlorinated Compounds (dioxin formation)
Water Release weighted
Increase in waste/unit of product
Total waste
Persistence ranking
2
3
4
5
High
Vinyl ChlorideRisk Planning(112r) Flammability
Release of Air Carcinogen-risk weighted
3
4
Vinylidene ChlorideRisk Planning(112r) Flammability
Release of Air Carcinogen-risk weighted
Burning of Chlorinated Compounds (dioxin formation)
1
3
5



Table 3: Worksheet for Ranking of Priority Chemicals

This table is available in Adobe PDF.