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Where can you find
a better place to learn about water conserving desert landscaping than the Desert
Botanical Garden in Phoenix, Arizona? The Desert House and the Center for Desert Living
landscapes were designed to give interested persons information and ideas on how to create
their own xeriscape oasis. Located in the heart of the Sonoran Desert, the Desert
Botanical Garden receives about 7.5 inches of rain per year. This amount of water is not
adequate for many species of plants, but plants native to this area do quite well without
additional water. Today's homeowner/gardener has a wide selection of plants from which to
choose, and individual selections are based upon many factors, i.e., shade, color, size,
water use. Choosing arid adapted plants saves not only water, but maintenance and energy
costs are reduced. The landscape around the Desert House is contoured to direct rainwater to areas where
plants need moisture. Taking advantage of this resource saves water and energy by reducing
the need to use city water for many irrigation events, and it helps avoid wasting water.
Because the Phoenix area receives about 7.5 inches of rain per year, each square foot of
exposed surface receives about four gallons of water per year. Efficiently directed by
contours, 1,000 square feet of surface area can collect 4,000 gallons per year, most of
which can be used to irrigate plants. All plant species at Desert House were selected because they thrive in desert soils,
require low water, are beautiful, and need little maintenance. Tree species used to
provide direct wall shading are mesquite (Prosopis spp.) and palo verde (Cercidium
floridum) and (Cercidium microphyllum). The vine (Podranea rica-soleana)
was selected to provide shade on the patio and to help block direct sunlight from the
surface of the sliding glass door. One of the best strategies to keep a building's
interior comfortable is to prevent the building from warming up too much in the first
place. Shaded buildings are more economical to cool with modern heat pumps and other types
of refrigeration because they do not have to work as hard. As an added bonus they are more
attractive. Located on the south side of the house are two deciduous plants. Shading the back yard
porch during the summer is a ramada covered by the vine (Podranea rica-soleana). In
the winter most of the leaves have been shed to allow sunlight to flow into the house
through the glass door. Shading two bedroom windows is a sweet acacia tree (Acacia
smallii) which also sheds some of its summer foliage during the winter to allow
sunlight inside the house. The east and west walls are shaded by plantings of blue palo
verde (Cercidium floridum), foothills palo verde (Cercidium microphyllum),
Chilean mesquite (Prosopis chilensis), Texas honey mesquite, (Prosopis
glandulosa), and ironwood tree (Olneya tesota). Many local native plants do well with rainfall as their only water source, but most
people prefer a little more plant diversity and color in their yards. A large number of
gardeners are organizing their gardens around themes, i.e., hummingbird, butterfly, and
vegetable gardens, and most of these plants require more water than what is available from
rainfall. Drip irrigation delivers water to plants in an economical and efficient manner.
Each plant receives water through a polyvinyl line of ever decreasing diameter. Emitters
that regulate flow rates are positioned near each plant. Irrigation times and duration are
controlled at Desert House by a solar powered photovoltaic timer. Drip irrigation
dramatically reduces loss to evaporation because all irrigation water goes directly to the
root zone of the plant. Other plants, such as trees and large shrubs which require more
water, are watered by flow regulated bubblers. Placement of mulches such as decomposed granite and wood chips throughout the Desert House landscape has many water conserving benefits. Mulch protects the soil from erosion, retards evaporation and heat buildup, and slows the growth of unwanted weeds that compete for water, nutrients and space. Organic mulches, like bark or shredded wood, are useful because they increase the soil's organic content, and improve aeration and water holding capacity. Inorganic mulches, including decomposed granite, gravel and rock, are used to cool the soil surface which slows evaporation. Specially chosen decomposed granite is used throughout the Desert House landscape to accent the color of the house and plants. |
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