The complexity of the nuclear material inventory and the variety of physical forms (e.g., oxides, salts, ash, and solutions) create a need for safe treatment technologies. Richland, Rocky Flats, and Savannah River are the major DOE sites with large holdings of nuclear materials requiring stabilization. The specific materials scope of the NMFA includes

• transuranic isotopes (all forms of plutonium, neptunium, californium, curium, and americium mixed oxides and residues);
• uranium/thorium (all forms of uranium-233, depleted uranium, thorium, highly enriched uranium, and low-enriched uranium);
• isotope materials and sealed sources (materials such as chromium, cobalt, palladium, actinium, strontium, cesium) and standards and sources (such as cesium, plutonium/beryllium, americium/beryllium, radon, and cobalt); and
• all materials contained in the DNFSB recommendations 94-1 and 97-1.