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12. ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS,
REGULATIONS, AND PUBLICATIONS
API American Petroleum Institute
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
CEC California Energy Commission
CEMS continuous emission monitoring system
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CRSI California Recovery Systems Inc.
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPRI Electric Power Research Institute
NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory
NSPS New Source Performance Standards
NSWMA National Solid Waste Management Association
NTIS National Technical Information Service
OTA U.S. Office of Technology Assessment
SETAC Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
UNITS OF MEASURE AND TECHNICAL TERMS
AOX adsorbable organic halogen
BACT Best Available Control Technology
BDT Best Demonstrate Technology
BOF Basic oxygen furnace
Btu British thermal unit
COD chemical oxygen demand
C degrees Celsius
h hour
HDPE high density polyethylene
kWh kilowatt-hour
l liter
lb pound
lb/t pounds per ton
LHV lower heating value
ug micrograms
mg milligrams
mg/dscm milligrams per dry standard cubic meter
MRF materials recovery facility
MSW municipal solid waste
MW megawatt
MWC municipal waste combustor
MWe megawatts electricity
NA not available
ND not detected
ng nanogram
ng/dsCm nanograms per dry standard cubic meter
NMOC nonmethane organic compounds
O&M operation and maintenance
PCB polychlorinated biphenyl
PCDD polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin
PCDF polychlorinated dibenzo-furan
PET polyethylene terephthalate
PM particulate matter
ppb parts per billion
ppm parts per million
ppmv parts per million by volume
RDF refuse-derived fuel
SEBAC sequenced batch anaerobic composting
SNG substitute natural gas
t tons
t/d tons per day
TCLP Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure
TOC Total organic carbon
VOCs volatile organic compounds
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CONVERSION FACTORS
To convert: To get: Multiply by:
Tons(short tons) Tonne=megagram 0.90718
Million Btu/ton kJ/tonne 1.162 x 10(6)
Btu/lb kJ/kg 2.325
kWh/ton kWh/tonne 1.102
Btu/kWh kJ/kWh 1.054
lb/ton Grams/tonne 0.500
Cubic yards/ton Cubic meters/tonne 0.8428
Degrees F DegreesC approximately 5/9 (¡F-32)
Pounds/cubic feet ng/cubic meter 1.602 x 10(13)
Acres Hectares 0.4047
Gallons Liters 3.785
Gallons water Kilograms water 3.782
Pounds/cubic yard Kilograms/cubic meter 0.5933
psi kPa 6.895
Cubic feet/lb Cubic meter/kg 0.06243
Tons/acre Tonne/hectare 2.243
Million Btu/ton-mile Million kJ/tonne km 0.722
$/ton $/tonne 0.9072
Pounds Kilograrns 0.4536
Feet Meters 0.3048
Notes:SCF is measured at 0C and 1 atm.
SCM is variously defined in the literature, but it is often measured at 25C.
Source: Weast, 1970
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