Introduction
The federal government, America's largest consumer, was directed by the President in Executive Order (EO) 12873, Federal Acquisition, Recycling, and Waste Prevention, October 1993, to work at increasing and expanding markets for recovered materials through greater federal government preference and demand for such products. In addition, EO 12873 directed federal agencies (including the Department of Defense) to implement cost-effective procurement preference programs (Affirmative Procurement Programs) favoring the purchase of "environmentally preferable" products and services. This federal pollution prevention effort is designed to stimulate consumer awareness of environmentally preferable products, increase market availability, and set a pollution prevention example for the public. EO 12873 has since been superseded by EO 13101, which reiterates and expands upon the original requirements of EO 12873 and, among other things, creates a parallel program for purchasing "biobased products" (discussed in more detail below). Both the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Air Force are committed to "closing the recycling loop" by buying products made with recycled materials. They have developed policy and guidance documents to assist personnel with implementing the requirements of EO 13101 and other Federal affirmative procurement regulations. The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide an overview of current federal, DoD, and Air Force affirmative procurement policies and practices, and to provide readers with additional sources of information on this important program.
Important Terms
Affirmative Procurement Program - a program established by federal agencies, as required under EO 13101, assuring materials composed of recovered materials (Guideline Items) will be purchased to the maximum extent practicable, consistent with federal law and procurement regulations.
Biobased product - a commercial or industrial product (other than food or feed) that utilizes biological products or renewable domestic agricultural (plant, animal, and marine) or forestry materials.
Certification - written documentation provided by offerors/bidders/vendors certifying the percentage of recovered materials contained in products.
Environmentally preferable - a broad term for products or services having a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when used, maintained, and disposed of in comparison to a competing product or service. This comparison may consider raw materials acquisition, production, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, reuse, operation, maintenance, and disposal of the product or service. Generally, environmentally preferable products are those manufactured from recycled and reclaimed materials.
Guideline Items - items designated in Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Comprehensive Procurement Guideline that are, or can be, made with recovered materials.
Life cycle cost - the amortized annual cost of a product, including capital costs, installation costs, operating costs, maintenance costs, and disposal costs discounted over the lifetime of the product.
Minimum content standard - the minimum recovered material content specifications set to assure the recovered material content required is the maximum available without jeopardizing the intended item end use, or violating the limitations of the minimum content standards set forth by EPA guidelines.
post-consumer material - a material or finished product that has served its intended use and has been discarded for disposal or recovery, having completed its life as a consumer item. "post-consumer material" is a part of the broader category of "recovered material" (see below). Examples of post-consumer material include paper, paperboard, and fibrous wastes from retail stores, office buildings, and homes.
post-consumer waste - a material or product, discarded for disposal after passing through the hands of a final user, having served its intended purpose.
Recovered material - waste materials and by-products recovered or diverted from solid waste, excluding those materials and by-products generated from, and commonly reused within, an original manufacturing process. Recovered material is a broad term that covers both pre- and post-consumer materials. Examples of recovered materials include manufacturing and forest residues; obsolete finished paper inventories and fibrous by-products of harvesting and woodcutting processes.
Recyclability - degree to which a product or material may be recovered or otherwise diverted from the solid waste stream for the purpose of recycling.
Recycled material - a material utilized in place of raw or virgin material in product manufacturing consisting of materials derived from post-consumer waste, industrial scrap, material derived from agricultural wastes, and other items, all of which can be used in new product manufacture.
Recycling - a series of activities, including collection, separation, and processing, by which products or other materials are recovered from the solid waste stream for use as raw materials in the manufacture of new products.
Regulatory Framework
Affirmative Procurement Programs for federal agencies are established and governed by portions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), various Executive Orders, including EO 13101, and a host of guidance documents published by the EPA.
RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), 42 U.S.C. . 6901, et seq., Section 6002, "Federal Procurement." This Section, the rules for which are codified in Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 247.6, Affirmative Procurement Programs, requires federal agencies to procure designated Guideline Items composed of the highest practicable percentage of recovered materials. In addition, it establishes several objectives for protecting human health and the environment, and for conserving valuable resources through improved solid waste management and resource recovery practices. To that end, this law requires federal agencies to give preference in their purchasing programs to products and practices that are "environmentally preferable." RCRA requires Affirmative Procurement Programs to contain four elements:
- A demonstrated preference for procuring recycled products that meet recycled content standards;
- An affirmative procurement promotion and education program for employees and contractors;
- Procedures for vendor certification verifying recycled/recovered material content; and
- Procedures for monitoring the effectiveness of the Affirmative Procurement Program.
EO 13101
Executive Order (EO) 13101, Greening the Government through Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal Acquisition, 14 September 1998 (63 FR 49643) revoked and superseded EO 12873, Federal Acquisition, Recycling, and Waste Prevention, October 1993. EO 13101 reiterates, supports, and expands upon the original requirements of EO 12873. EO 13101 strengthens federal efforts to protect the environment and promote economic growth through the purchase of recycled and other environmentally preferable products. It directs agencies to establish recycling targets, encourages them to purchase biobased and other "green" products, and creates a White House task force to oversee federal recycling efforts. The EO recognizes that the U.S. government is the single largest consumer of goods and services in the world - spending more than $200 billion annually. This means the U.S. government has tremendous purchasing power, which must be leveraged to acquire products and services leading to the minimization of raw material consumption, waste generation, and ultimately to the betterment of the nation's environmental quality.
EO 13101 requires the head of each executive agency to incorporate waste prevention and recycling in daily operations, and work to increase and expand markets for recovered materials through greater federal government preference and demand for such products. It is the national policy to prefer pollution prevention options and strategies whenever feasible. Pollution that cannot be prevented should be recycled; pollution that cannot be prevented or recycled should be treated in an environmentally safe manner; and disposal should be employed only as a last resort. EO 13101 requires federal agencies to acquire and use environmentally preferable products and services and implement cost-effective procurement preference programs favoring the purchase of these products and services. In addition, the EO required the creation of the Steering Committee on Greening the Government Through Waste Prevention and Recycling to develop policy regarding the implementation of the EO. The actual implementation of EO 13101 within each federal agency is delegated to a Task Force that is chaired by an appointed Federal Environmental Executive (FEE) within the EPA, and staffed by Agency Environmental Executives (AEE) who are appointed from within each of the federal executive agencies, including the Air Force.
The FEE has developed a government-wide Strategic Plan for implementing EO 13101. This plan states: "Requirements of EO 13101 do not apply to facilities and posts abroad except for purchases made in the U.S. for shipment overseas." The plan is available at http://www.ofee.gov/html/ strtpln2.htm.
Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines
EO 13101 directs the EPA to establish Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines (CPG), which designate EPA Guideline Items. It also requires the mandatory procurement of Guideline Items by federal agencies. Federal agencies were initially required to procure five Guideline Items. EPA then designated nineteen additional Guideline Items in the CPG published 1 May 1995. The latest amendment to the CPG added 12 additional Guideline Items in November 1997. The current CPG is codified in Title 40 CFR Part 247, Comprehensive Procurement Guideline for Products Containing Recovered Materials, and contains detailed descriptions of the 36 currently designated Guideline Items (see Table 1 on next page) and recommended procedures to comply with affirmative procurement objectives.
In the 26 August 1998 Federal Register (63 FR 45557), EPA announced its desire to add another 19 items to the CPG. These items include:
- Construction Products
- Nylon carpet with backing containing recovered materials
- Carpet cushion
- Flowable fill
- Railroad grade crossing surfaces
- Park and Recreation Products
- Park benches and picnic tables
- Playground equipment
- Landscaping Products
- Food waste compost
- Plastic lumber landscaping timbers and posts
- Non-Paper Office Products
- Solid plastic binders
- Plastic clipboards
- Plastic file folders
- Plastic clip portfolios
- Plastic presentation folders
- Miscellaneous
- Absorbents and adsorbents
- Industrial drums
- Awards and plaques
- Mats
- Non-road signs, including sign supports and posts
- Manual-grade strapping
Although EPA closed the comment period on these proposed additions to the CPG in October 1998, they have not yet published a final ruling on them. PRO-ACT will publish information on the final ruling if and when it becomes available in a future edition of our CrossTalk newsletter.
Recovered Materials Advisory Notices (RMAN)
EPA Recovered Materials Advisory Notices (RMANs) are companion documents to the CPG and contain recommended minimum recovered material content standards, among other specifications, for EPA Guideline Items. The RMANs were published in 60 FR 21386, 1 May 1995, and 62 FR 60975, 13 November 1997, in response to changes to the CPG, and a proposed RMAN was published in 63 FR 45557 to coincide with the proposed addition of the 19 new Guideline Items. The intent of these advisory notices is not to preclude federal agencies from purchasing other types or grades of Guideline Items or from using items containing recovered materials for other applications. On the contrary, if a new type or grade of material becomes available containing recovered materials, or if a federal agency discovers a new application for which recovered materials content is appropriate, EPA encourages the procuring agency to develop specifications to allow for its use.
The EPA minimum recovered material content standards for each Guideline Item are specified in the RMANs. For example, the Paper and Paper Products category describes 24 different types of paper products with minimum recovered material content standards ranging from 5 to 90 percent. For useful information on the minimum percentage of recovered material content for a given Guideline Item, contact PRO-ACT or visit EPA's CPG/RMAN World Wide Web (WWW) site at http://www.epa.gov/cpg/products.htm. The Air Force has adopted EPA's recommended recovered material percentages as requirements. If compliant products are not available locally, installations can use the RMANs to develop and establish minimum recovered material content standards based on EPA's recommendations in combination with their own research. Copies of all RMANs are found at http://www.epa.gov/cpg/backgrnd.htm.
Table 1. Guideline Items as designated in EPA's Comprehensive Procurement Guideline(CPG)
| Paper and paper products |
Office waste receptacles |
| Re-refined lubricating oil |
Plastic desktop accessories |
| Retread tires |
Toner cartridges |
| Building insulation products |
Binders |
| Cement and concrete containing coal fly ash |
Plastic trash bags |
| Engine coolants |
Office recycling containers |
| Structural fiberboard |
Shower and restroom dividers/partitions |
| Laminated paperboard |
consolidated and reprocessed latex paint for specified uses |
| Cement and concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag |
Parking stops |
| Carpet |
Channelizers (drums used to direct traffic) |
| Floor tiles |
Delineators (moveable pavement markers) |
| Patio blocks |
Flexible Delineators |
| Traffic barricades |
Plastic fencing for specified uses |
| Traffic cones |
Garden and soaker hoses |
| Playground surfaces |
Lawn and garden edging |
| Running tracks |
Printer ribbons |
| Hydraulic mulch |
Plastic envelopes |
| Yard trimmings compost |
Pallets |
Contracting/Contractor Requirements
EO 13101, as well as RCRA, EO 12902 ("Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation at Federal Facilities"), and Office of Federal Policy (OFPP) Policy Letter 92-4, require federal agencies to include provisions in contracts that obligate contractors to employ environmentally sound and energy-efficient acquisition policies. On 22 August 1997, final changes were made to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), codified at 48 CFR Chapter 1, which contains requirements and procedures used by federal agencies in establishing contracts. All federal contracting officers are responsible for ensuring current FAR requirements are incorporated into solicitations and contracts where EPA Guideline Items will be purchased. The General Services Administration (GSA) maintains a WWW site at http://www.arnet.gov/far/ that presents the entire FAR and related information, including recent changes. The Air Force maintains a comprehensive, up-to-date WWW site linked to all DoD and Air Force supplemental acquisition regulations (e.g., the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulations (DFARs) and the Air Force Federal Acquisition Regulations (AFFARs) on the Air Force FARSite, http://farsite.hill.af.mil/.
Title 48 CFR Part 23 (FAR Part 23), Environment, Conservation, Occupational Safety, and Drug-Free Workplace, sets forth acquisition policies and procedures supporting the federal government's program for protecting and improving the quality of the environment through the use of recovered materials. FAR Part 23 references related provisions and clauses (found in FAR Part 52) which detail contractor compliance requirements relative to recovered material content in designated items to be used in the performance of the contract. For example:
- Section 23.405(a) of the FAR prescribes the insertion of provision 52.223-4, Recovered Material Certification, into solicitations that specify the use of recovered materials; and
- Section 23.405(b) of the FAR requires the inclusion of clause 52.223-9, Certification of Percentage of Recovered Material Content for EPA Designated Items used in the Performance of the Contract, into contracts exceeding $100,000 that specify the use of an EPA designated item.
Additional information about contracting, including environmental provisions/clauses and sources of more information, is presented in PRO-ACT's Fact Sheet: Environmental Issues in Contracting, June 1999.
Federal Agency Monitoring and Reporting Requirements
EO 13101 requires agencies to establish annual goals for solid waste prevention and diversion, and to maximize the procurement of environmentally preferable products or products made with recovered materials. Each major procuring agency, including DoD, will designate an Agency Environmental Executive (AEE) responsible for developing agency-specific Affirmative Procurement Plans and reporting the progress of implementation. Recommendations for tracking and reporting EPA Guideline Item purchases to the federal government by the AEE are detailed in Subsection 302(a)(5) of EO 13101. A Federal agency working group has been formed to develop a reporting system that meets program requirements without being too labor-intensive; however, a resolution on this topic is not expected until sometime in Fiscal Year (FY) 01.
Federal/EPA Guidance
EO 13101 requires EPA to develop guidance for use in determining federal facility compliance with Section 6002 of RCRA and EO 13101. This guidance, titled "Guidance on Conducting Inspections of Federal Facilities for Compliance with Section 6002 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act," was published by EPA on 12 May 1999. Copies of the guidance are available from PRO-ACT or from the Office of the Federal Environmental Executive's (OFEE) WWW site at http://www.ofee.gov. Air Force members should refer to the Guide on Green Purchasing for Air Force specific applicability with the new EPA guidance.
EO 13101 also requires EPA to develop guidance on the acquisition of environmentally preferable products and services. This guidance, dated 19 January 1999, and titled "Interim Final Guidance on Environmentally Preferable Purchasing," contains the following five guiding principles that will help federal agencies incorporate environmental preferable purchasing into their procurement practices:
- Environment + Price + Product Efficacy = Environmentally Preferable Purchasing
Environmental considerations should become part of normal purchasing practices consistent with traditional factors of product safety, price, efficacy, and availability.
- Pollution Prevention
Consideration of environmental preferability should begin early in the acquisition process and be rooted in the ethic of pollution prevention which strives to eliminate or reduce, up front, potential risks to human health and the environment.
- Life Cycle Perspective/Multiple Attributes
A product or service's environmental preferability is a function of multiple attributes from a life cycle perspective.
- Comparisons of Environmental Impacts
Determining environmental preferability may involve comparing environmental impacts. The factors to consider in these comparisons are: degree of improvement that would result from the product, the reversibility of the environmental impact and its geographic scale and the protection of human health.
- Environmental Performance Information
Information about environmental performance of products or services is necessary in order to determine environmental preferability.
Copies of the Interim Final Guidance on Environmentally Preferable Purchasing can be obtained from PRO-ACT or from the EPA's WWW site at http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/epp.
Department of Defense (DoD) Guidance
DoD Directive (DoDD) 5000.1, Defense Acquisition, 15 March 1996, provides general policies and principles for all DoD acquisition programs. It updates and replaces a 1991 version of the same document. It also authorizes publication of DoD 5000.2-R, Mandatory Procedures for Major Defense Acquisition Programs and Major Automated Information Systems, 23 March 1998. DoDD 5000.1 states that it is DoD policy to prevent, mitigate, or remediate environmental damage caused by acquisition programs. It further states that acquisition programs shall be managed to optimize system performance and minimize the cost of ownership, including the system's potential impact on the environment and environmental compliance.
DoD policy regarding the purchase of CPG Guideline Items, as outlined in The Department of Defense Affirmative Procurement Program, July 1995, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology), requires 100% of such purchases to meet or exceed RMAN recommended minimum recovered material content standards. When purchasing any Guideline Items, DoD components are required to buy products containing recycled materials unless a written determination is made that the items:
- Are not available within a reasonable period of time;
- Fail to meet the performance standards set forth in applicable specifications or fail to meet reasonable performance standards of the procuring agency;
- Are not available from a sufficient number of sources to maintain a satisfactory level of competition (i.e., available from two or more sources); or
- Are only available at an unreasonable price. If the recycled content product costs more than a comparable non-recycled content product, the cost is considered unreasonable.
DoD Instruction (DoDI) 4715.4, Pollution Prevention, Change 1, 6 July 1998, directs DoD agencies and field activities to implement programs to monitor and achieve progress toward specific pollution prevention goals and to establish an Affirmative Procurement Program in accordance with Section 6002 of RCRA and EO 13101.
This instruction further requires DoD components to annually provide data to the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Environmental Security) (DUSD[ES]) that summarizes their purchases of commodities not purchased through other government agencies meeting the EPA guideline requirements, and other actions they are taking to meet the intent of the Executive Order. Air Force purchase estimates are provided to DUSD(ES) by HQ USAF. Since there is no data collection system in place, installations and Major Commands (MAJCOMs) do not currently receive a "data call" for this information.
Air Force Policy
Directives
Air Force Pollution Prevention Strategy, 24 July 1995, Secretary of the Air Force Memorandum, reaffirmed the USAF position on procurement of environmentally preferable products and services. The objective of this strategy includes the implementation of acquisition policies and practices that incorporate affirmative procurement considerations into all acquisition planning. Emphasis is placed on the purchase of recycled materials to the maximum extent practical, and purchasing activities are encouraged to use the environmental soundness of vendors and products as selection criteria in contract awards.
The revised Air Force Instruction (AFI) 32-7080, Compliance Assurance and Pollution Prevention, scheduled for release in late 1999, requires CONUS Air Force installations to establish Affirmative Procurement Programs in accordance with Section 6002 of RCRA and EO 13101 in order to ensure that purchases of all designated Guideline Items comply with EPA recycled content requirements unless an exemption applies. The exemptions allowed by the AFI are the same as outlined in The Department of Defense Affirmative Procurement Program, July 1995, and listed above, except for the exemption relating to the non-availability of a sufficient number of sources. Recommendations for implementing Affirmative Procurement Programs can be found in the Headquarters Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence, Environmental Quality Directorate's (HQ AFCEE/EQ) Guide to Buying Recycled.
(NOTE: The Guide to Buying Recycled includes the new EO 13101 requirements. The new AFCEE guide titled Guide to Green Purchasing, November 1999, compliments the new AFI 32-7080. **The guide is available for downloading from AFCEE's website: http://www.afcee.brooks.af.mil/eq/ap/ap.htm#.**)
Air Force Reporting Requirements
Specific monitoring and reporting requirements designed to demonstrate compliance with Section 6002 of RCRA and EO 13101, and applicable to all Air Force activities, have not yet been developed. The only Air Force activities subject to upward reporting are contracts with a total value over $100,000 that include any amount of Guideline Item purchases. At this time, contracts under $100,000 are exempt from reporting. Each installation's Qualified Recycling Program (QRP) Manager is responsible for reporting contract information to their respective MAJCOMs who, along with installations, are charged with developing tracking and monitoring procedures best suited to determining the wellness of their respective Affirmative Procurement Programs.
Future updates to the Guide to Green Purchasing will provide more specific monitoring and reporting requirements necessary for Air Force activities to comply with Section 6002 of RCRA and EO 13101. In the meantime, EPA recommends that all federal procuring functions establish a sound monitoring program and/or measurement system (in accordance with EO 13101 and EPA/DoD/AF guidance discussed above) to ensure fulfillment of their Affirmative Procurement Program goals to the maximum extent practicable.
How Do I Find Products Conforming to EPA Recovered Material Content Standards?
Listed below are a few of the better sources for information about recycled content products and Guideline Items:
- The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has published a series of fact sheets summarizing information on the CPG program, EPA's recovered materials content recommendations, case studies, and other key resources. These documents are available for downloading at http://www.epa.gov/cpg/factshts.htm.
- The General Services Administration (GSA) publishes several environmental catalogs and guides offering stock-listed products containing recovered materials, and other environmentally preferable products and services available through the Federal Supply Service (FSS). Recovered material and post-consumer material content specifications for each product are included, allowing quick reference to items available through GSA. The catalogs, as well as other related information, can be accessed from GSA's "Think Green" WWW site at http://pub.fss.gsa.gov/environ/index.html. The GSA, in consultation with the Office of the Federal Environmental Executive (OFEE), has made the decision to purchase and only sell 30 percent post-consumer recycled-content copier paper to federal agencies.
- The Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), through the Defense Supply Center Richmond (DSCR), provides supplies and services to America's military forces worldwide and manages over four million consumable items. The DLA Environmental Products catalog is divided into broad product headings that allow easy selection of possible alternatives to hazardous chemicals or processes currently in use. The catalog can be accessed, and orders can be placed, from DLA's Environmental Products WWW site at http://www.dscr.dla.mil/products/epa/eppcat.htm. DSCR also offers the "Closed-Loop" program for re-refined oil, which eliminates the necessity to dispose of used oil.
For More Information...
- PRO-ACT is available to respond to inquiries from eligible customers about the Air Force Affirmative Procurement Program. Contact us at DSN 240-4214, (210) 536-4214, or pro-act@hqafcee.brooks.af.mil.
- Headquarters Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence (HQ AFCEE/EQ) maintains an Affirmative Procurement WWW site at http://www.afcee.brooks.af.mil/EQ/ap/ap.htm containing links to a variety of reference documents and resources including the Guide to Buying Recycled, environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP) training materials, and sample affirmative procurement plans. In addition, a lengthy "Buy-Recycled Internet Resource Directory" may be requested via e-mail from HQ AFCEE/EQ. This 3-page directory lists over 30 WWW sites offering information about recycled-content products and purchase information.
- The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maintains its Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP) WWW site at http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/epp/about.html. EPP is a federal-wide program that encourages and assists federal agencies in the purchasing of environmentally preferable products and services. A number of related documents, fact sheets, and other links are accessible from this site.
- The U.S. Army Environmental Center (USAEC) offers a variety of information related to affirmative procurement programs at its WWW site http://aec-www.apgea.army.mil:8080/prod/usaec/et/p2/app.htm.
- The Office of the Federal Environmental Executive (OFEE) advocates, coordinates, and assists the environmental efforts of the federal community in waste prevention, recycling, the affirmative procurement of Guideline Items, and the acquisition of recycled and environmentally preferable products and services. The OFEE has made available via their WWW site at http://www.ofee.gov a Strategic Plan to implement EO 13101 published by the White House Task Force on Greening the Government Through Waste Prevention and Recycling.
- The Defense Environmental Network & Information eXchange (DENIX) has compiled a large amount of WWW-linked information related to DoD acquisition. This list, which is grouped into categories such as policy, technical guidance, training, lessons learned, POCs, may be accessed at http://www.denix.osd.mil/denix/DOD/Library/P2Frame/a-01-pol.html.
- The Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition Reform) (ODUSD[AR]) offers the on-line Defense Acquisition Deskbook, a reference tool integrating current acquisition policy & guidance for acquisition professionals. This site is located at http://www.deskbook.osd.mil/.
- The Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization (AARC) Corporation is a wholly-owned government corporation of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) that invests in companies to help commercialize biobased industrial products. A catalog or "Source Book" of biobased products is available at the AARC WWW site: http://www.usda.gov/agency/aarc/aarcsrbk.html.
- The Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition (SAF/AQC) maintains a WWW site that serves as a source for AF purchasing requirements, policies, and publications. Visit this site at http://www.safaq.hq.af.mil/contracting.
Document References
- EO 12780, Federal Agency Recycling and the Council on Federal Recycling and Procurement Policy, 31 October 1991.
- EO 12902, Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation at Federal Facilities, 8 March 1994.
- EO 13101, Greening the Government through Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal Acquisition, 14 September 1998.
- Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) (42 US 6962), Section 6002, Federal Procurement.
- Title 10 CFR 435, Federal Building Energy Efficiency Standards.
- Title 40 CFR Part 247, Comprehensive Procurement Guideline for Products Containing Recovered Materials.
- CPG I, 60 FR 21370, 1 May 1995.
- RMAN I, 60 FR 21386, 1 May 1995.
- Paper Products RMAN, 61 FR 26986, 29 May 1996.
- CPG II, 62 FR 60961, 13 November 1997.
- RMAN II, 62 FR 60995, 13 November 1997.
- Paper Products RMAN II, 63 FR 31214, 8 June 1998.
- CPG III (proposed), 63 FR 45557, 26 August 1998.
- RMAN III (proposed), 63 FR 45579, 26 August 1998.
- The Affirmative Procurement Program, Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition & Technology), July 1995.
- Preference for Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Guideline Items, Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition & Technology), December 1996.
- DoD Directive 4715.1, Environmental Security, 24 February 1996.
- DoD Directive 5000.1, Defense Acquisition, 15 March 1996.
- DoD 5000.2-R, Mandatory Procedures for Major Defense Acquisition Programs and Major Automated Information Systems, 15 March 1996.
- Air Force Pollution Prevention Strategy, Secretary of the Air Force Memorandum, 24 July 1995.
- AFI 32-7080, Pollution Prevention Program, 12 May 1994.
- Update on the Air Force Affirmative Procurement Program, HQ USAF/CEVQ & HQ AFCEE/EP, August 1996.
- A Guide to Buying Recycled: The Air Force Affirmative Procurement Program, HQ AFCEE/EQ, June 1997.
- EPA Guideline Items in Construction and Other Civil Engineering Specifications, Engineering Technical Letter (ETL) 94-7, Headquarters Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (HQ AFCESA).
- Guidance on Conducting Inspections of Federal Facilities for Compliance with Section 6002 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, USEPA, 12 May 1999.
|
