| Possible substitutes for hazardous chemicals |
|---|
| Procedure | Hazardous Chemical | Substitute |
|---|
| Glassware cleaning | Chromic-sulfuric acid solutions
Alcoholic potassium hydroxide |
laboratory detergents, enzymatic cleaners, aqueous solvents |
| Density determination | methanol solution | sugar water |
| Organic synthesis | chromate ion
ethyl ether | hypochlorite ion
methyl t-butyl ether |
| Qualitative test for heavy metals | sulfide ion | hydroxide ion |
| Molecular weight determination by freezing point lowering methods | benzene | cyclohexane |
| Temperature | mercury thermometers | red or green liquid thermometers |
| Storage of biological specimens | formaldehyde | ethanol or other preservatives |
| In-phase change and freezing point depression | acetamide | stearic acid |
| Qualitative test for halide ions | carbon tetrachloride | cyclohexane |
| Measurement of vapor pressure-temperature by isotensiscope | carbon tetrachloride | isopropyl alcohol |
| Acid-base experiments | conventional acids
conventional bases | vinegar
ammonia |